교육 칼럼

Biochemistry (생화학)



살아 있는 유기체에서 발견되는 물질에 관한 연구 및 유기체의 발생과 생활 중에 일어나는 변화에 관하여 연구하는 학문.



생화학은 생명체를 다루는 화학이기 때문에 분석화학•유기화학•물리화학의 방법과 생리학의 방법을 이용한다. 생화학은 약간 오래된 생리화학이나 생물화학과 동의어로 사용되지만 일반적으로 매우 큰 분자(단백질과 핵산 등)의 화학적 작용을 다루는 흔히 분자생물학으로 분류된다. 생화학에서 특히 중요한 과거의 사건은 생물현상을 화학적 기초 위에 놓은 것이었다. 화학이 근대 과학으로서 성립하게 된 시기는 대략 1650~1780년으로 이때 화학자들은 동물의 호흡이 연소(燃燒), 즉 화학적 산화와 밀접한 관련이 있으며, 광합성은 본질적으로 호흡의 역이라는 것을 밝혀냈다. 생화학은 19세기에 화학에서 유기화학이 분화되어 구조유기화학이 발달하면서부터 급속히 발전하기 시작했다. 생물체 속의 화합물들이 살아 있는 세포에서 일으키는 여러 가지 화학변화를 밝히는 것이 생화학의 중심과제이다. 따라서 살아 있는 세포 내에 있는 유기물질의 분자구조를 결정하는 것이 이 물질들의 합성과 분해에 관한 세포의 메커니즘에 관한 연구보다 우선적으로 이루어져야 했다.



생화학 전공은 자연공학과 생명공학을 사용하여 생명체의 본질을 연구하는 학문이다. 복잡한 분자의 행동과 구조들과 이것들이 세포, 조직, 생체구조들을 이루기 위해서 어떻게 상호작용을 하고 있는 지를 연구하는 학문이다. 전공학생들은 여러가지 다양한 생명체의  신진대사, 에너지 유출, 규제등에 대한 근본적인 학술 개념을 터득하게 된다.



        

* 이분야에서 성공하기 위한 기본자질: 과학,  민첩한 손 동작,  효과적인 실험실 연구활동, 자료 처리 능력, 분석적인 사고방식, 목표 설정을 반드시 이루고자 하는 목표 지향적인 성품



        

* 고교시절 동안 택해면 좋은 과목들 :  영어 4 유닛(unit),  수학 3, 생물학 1, 화학 1, 물리학 1, 사회학 2-3,  이외에도 고급 과학 과목, 컴퓨터 활용능력,  미적분도 이수 하는 것이 유리하다.



        

* 대학 전공에서 배울 과목들 :        

        Physics                                 Calculss                       Organic Chemistry

        Analytic Chemistry                   Biochemistry                 Developmental Biochemistry

        Genetics/Molecular Genetics   Physical Biochemistry    Plant Biochemistry          

        Microbiology                           Physiologyy                  Neurobiology

        Advanced Inorganic Chemistry  Immunology / Immunochemistry

        Cell Biology                            Physical Chemistry        Instrumental Methods

        Virology                                 Bacterial and Viral Genetics                

        Organic Qualitative Analysis



    

* 전공의 특성:

                

      생화학은 생명체의 화학적 성질을 다룬다. 즉 전공 학생들은 화학의 물리학적인 원칙들을 생명체의 기능에 적용시키게된다. 생물학과 의학은 분자들을 연구하면서 생물학적인 현상들을 이해하기 때문에, 생화학과 기타 관련 학문들 사이에는 예전과 같은 분명한 한계가 정해져 있지 않다. 화학자, 심리학자, 생물학자, 물리학자, 의사, 사회학자, 범죄학자, 임상병리학자들도 생화학적인 문제들을 연구하고 있다. 그러므로 생화학 전공에서는 학생들로 하여금 생화학이라는 전공을 벗어난 광범위한 학문의 영역을 넓히도록 요구하고 있다.

    

     생명공학에서 처럼, 컴퓨터는 자료를 저장하고,  활용하는데 매우 필요하다. DNA와 단백질줄기 분석에 컴퓨터를 사용하는 기법은 이미 학부 과정에서도 도입되고 있다. 학부 에서는 필수 과정으로 화학에 필요한 모든 과목들 (물리학적, 구조적, 비구조적, 분석적 화학)들과 생물학에 관련된 근본적인 프로그램들을 이수해야 한다. 학교에 따라 물리학이나 수학에 비중을 어느 정도 두는지는 다소의 차이가 있다. 일반적으로 생화학의 정식 교과 과정에서는 화학과 물리학에 많은 비중을 두고 있으며 대개는 3학년때 부터 전공에 들어간다.

      

     생화학은 실험적인 학문이다. 생화학적인 기법과 도구들을 사용한 실험실 훈련을 받게 되며, 분자 생물학, 물리 생물학, DNA 재결합 기술,  생물공학에 관해서도 공부하며,  교수나 대학원 조교, 연구원들의 지도를 받아 연구 활동을 하게 된다. 이 연구 활동은 경우에 따라 한 학기 활동이 되기도 하고, 대학 4년간의 프로잭트가 될 수도 있다. 대학에 따라 학부에서 과학 연구 활동 논문을 써야 하기도 하고, 연구 발표를 해야 하기도 한다.







* 진출할 수 있는 특수분야:  대학 학부생에게는 특별한 전문 분야는 없으며 대학원 과정을 이수해야 한다.



* 고려해볼만한  타전공

생물학 (Biology)        

생물공학 (Biotechnolgy)

화학 (Chemistry)

미생물학 (Microbiology)

분자/세포학 (Molecular and cell biology)



* 생화학  전공자들과 관련된 기타 경력분야

        생화학 전공에서 학사 학위는 대학원에서 생화학, 분자생물학, 합성생명공학들을 전공하기 위한 훌륭한 기초 과정이 된다. 의과대학이나 치과대학, 수의과 대학 진학뿐만 아니라, 보건학, 농업관련 분야의 독극물학, 생의학공학, 동,식물 병리학등을 전공하기 위해서도 매우 필요한 과정이 된다.

      일부 학부를 마친 학생들은 직접 실무에 진입하게 되는데 대개 대학이나 정부기관의 연구소에서 활동하게 된다.  

  



    

* 좀더 정보를 얻고자 할 때

American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

9650 Rockville Pike

Bethesda, MD 20814

(301) 530 - 7145







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